Star Grounding Technique for Analog Circuits Minimize Noise in Audio Channels with Smart PCB Layout
Ground plays the biggest role in determining whether the device is the potential of the system is reached. A harm the earth is probably highly distorted, noise, crosstalk, and RF susceptibility. Although it is questionable how much time should be devoted to the mass of the system, a carefully designed to prevent ground control, many problems before they occur.
The floor of each system must serve two purposes. First, it is the return path for all streams on one device. Second, it is the reference voltage for digital and analog circuits. Grounding is a simple exercise, when the voltage at all points of the earth could be the same. In fact, it is not possible. Son and all the tracks have a limited resistance. This means that when the current flows into the ground, there will be a corresponding decrease in tension. Each loop-shaped wire as an inductor. This means that if the current flows from the battery to the load, and the battery, the current path has some inductance. The inductance increases the impedance of the ground at high frequencies.
When designing the best soil for a specific application is not considered an easy task, some general guidelines for all systems.
Ask a continuous ground plane for digital circuits
Digital current in the ground plane tends to follow the same route that had the original signal. This path is the smallest region of the loop antenna effects and minimize current and inductance. The best way to ensure that all traces have a digital signal corresponding to the ground path is a continuous ground plane on the plane next to the signal layer to establish. This layer must pursue the same area as the digital signal and have as few interruptions in the continuity as possible. All breaks in grade, including vias lead to flow to the current loop of land in one. Larger than ideal, making noise and radiation
Digital current in the ground plane tends to follow the same route that had the original signal. This path is the smallest region of the loop antenna effects and minimize current and inductance. The best way to ensure that all traces have a digital signal corresponding to the ground path is a continuous ground plane on the plane next to the signal layer to establish. This layer must pursue the same area as the digital signal and have as few interruptions in the continuity as possible. All breaks in grade, including vias lead to flow to the current loop of land in one. Larger than ideal, making noise and radiation
Keep separate ground currents
The common ground for analog and digital circuits must be separated to avoid being added digital noise on analog circuits. The best way to do that is by the proper placement. If all analog and digital circuits are placed on separate parts of the PCB, the ground currents will naturally isolated. Can work well for this, the analog section contains only analog circuits at all levels of PCBs.
The common ground for analog and digital circuits must be separated to avoid being added digital noise on analog circuits. The best way to do that is by the proper placement. If all analog and digital circuits are placed on separate parts of the PCB, the ground currents will naturally isolated. Can work well for this, the analog section contains only analog circuits at all levels of PCBs.
Use the technical grounding for analog stars
Star of land uses only one point on the map as a point mass officials. This and only this can also be connected to ground potential. In a mobile phone, the ground terminal of the battery is a logical choice for the neutral point. Do not think how the currents flowing in the ground plane and go, but consider all as ground currents return to this point on the ground.
Star of land uses only one point on the map as a point mass officials. This and only this can also be connected to ground potential. In a mobile phone, the ground terminal of the battery is a logical choice for the neutral point. Do not think how the currents flowing in the ground plane and go, but consider all as ground currents return to this point on the ground.
Common audio power amplifiers tend to be relatively large, which can affect ground references for both their own and others in the system of drawing lots. To avoid this problem, providing routes back to bridged amplifiers dedicated for performance reasons and a headphone jack on the ground. Isolation allows these streams to flow back to the battery voltage without the other parts of the base plate. Note that this should not be routed to the return of traces dedicated digital signal path, as they may block the digital return currents.
Maximize the effectiveness of decoupling capacitors
Almost all units are delivered bypass capacitors to the current flow. To minimize the inductance between the capacitor and the power pin device, these capacitors as close as possible to find the agreement to provide pin. Each inductor reduces the effectiveness of decoupling capacitor. Similarly, the capacitor has a low impedance connection to ground to minimize the impedance of the capacitor at high frequency are available. Directly to the bottom of the condenser to the base plate, instead of routing through a track.
Almost all units are delivered bypass capacitors to the current flow. To minimize the inductance between the capacitor and the power pin device, these capacitors as close as possible to find the agreement to provide pin. Each inductor reduces the effectiveness of decoupling capacitor. Similarly, the capacitor has a low impedance connection to ground to minimize the impedance of the capacitor at high frequency are available. Directly to the bottom of the condenser to the base plate, instead of routing through a track.
Flood all unused PCB area with the ground
Whenever two copper coins next to each other, a capacitive coupling between small is formed. By operating near the ground flood of digital tracks, unwanted radio frequency energy in the signal lines can be removed to the mainland by the capacitive coupling.
Whenever two copper coins next to each other, a capacitive coupling between small is formed. By operating near the ground flood of digital tracks, unwanted radio frequency energy in the signal lines can be removed to the mainland by the capacitive coupling.
Source: http://www.elcircuits.com/star-grounding-technique-for-analog-circuits-minimize-noise-in-audio-channels-with-smart-pcb-layout/
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